[i-CRABs] Ionic Crystalline Microporous Polymers Enable Highly Reversible Conversion Cathodes in Aqueous Batteries
Ente: European Commission
Scadenza: 2028-05-31
Importo max: 202.125,12 EUR
Paese: EU
Descrizione
Rechargeable aqueous batteries (RABs) are promising for sustainable, grid-scale energy storage owing to their high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Within this context, halogen conversion cathodes stand out because they uniquely combine ultra-fast charging, earth-abundant resources, and straightforward recyclability, advantages that conventional cathodes cannot simultaneously achieve. Nevertheless, they remain plagued by numerous problems, including hydrolysis side reactions, shuttle effects, and insufficient confinement of halogen species. These issues cause poor Coulombic efficiency, low energy efficiency, and short cycle life, severely limiting their commercial viability. Two-dimensional (2D) ionic crystalline microporous polymers (i-CMPs), featuring ordered frameworks with tunable ionic groups and well-defined transport pathways, represent an unexplored yet promising platform to regulate halogen transport and interfacial reactions. However, the fundamental mechanisms linking i-CMP structural design to halogen conversion reversibility, kinetics, and durability remain unknown. Here, I propose the ground-breaking concept of employing function-customisable i-CMPs as hosts and additives to regulate halogen species, ions, and water transport and advance the practical RABs. By leveraging ionic side-chain engineering with variations in group type, length, and charge density, structurally stable 2D i-CMPs will be synthesised to enable selective mass transport, targeted immobilization of halogen, and suppressed hydrolysis side reactions. An integrated operando characterization and electrochemical evaluation, featuring the first combination of X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence, enables non-destructive 3D detection of halogen spatial distribution in real time. This project will establish i-CMP design principles for polymer energy storage, guiding the development of optimal i-CMPs and enabling practical RABs with conversion-type cathodes.
Settori: Aqueous batteries; 2D crystalline microporous polymers; Conversion-type cathode; Sustainable electrochemical energy system
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