[R01] Daily experiences and cognitive mediators of behavioral obesity treatment outcomes
Ente: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
Scadenza: 2027-06-30
Importo max: 649.486 EUR
Paese: US
Descrizione
Responses to behavioral weight loss interventions are highly variable across individuals. Roughly half of individuals achieve clinically meaningful weight reductions whereas others demonstrate only modest weight changes. The behavioral mechanisms that account for these varied responses are unknown, which is a barrier to designing more efficacious weight control interventions. The overarching aim of this project is to identify the mechanisms that account for variation in behavioral weight loss outcomes. One potential mechanism involves present bias, which is a tendency to devalue delayed rewards and prioritize immediate needs. Present bias is a compelling candidate mechanism underlying variability in responsiveness to weight loss interventions because it has been linked to obesity risk, maladaptive eating behaviors, and poor diet quality. A second set of potential mechanisms includes adverse daily experiences such as stress, cognitive demands, and exposure to tempting foods. Stress and cognitive demands can disrupt the executive functions that are important for adhering to weight control behaviors during obesity treatment.
This project will allocate adults with obesity to a standard-of-care weight loss intervention. Weight loss outcomes and adherence to three key weight control behaviors (dietary lapses, dietary self-monitoring, and physical activity) will be rigorously measured across six months of follow up. Individual differences in present bias will be thoroughly assessed at baseline. Ecological momentary assessment will be used to capture exposure to adverse daily experiences, as well as momentary changes in present bias. Aim 1 is to test whether present bias accounts for variability in behavioral weight loss outcomes and adherence to key weight control behaviors. Aims 2a and 2b will characterize the role of adverse daily experiences in weight loss outcomes and adherence to weight control behaviors, both overall and among present-biased individuals in particular. Aim 3 is to explore the contribution of demographic and environmental variables in weight loss outcomes. The results of this study could lead to a new mechanistic understanding of how experiences in daily life impact adherence to behavioral treatment for obesity, and suggest entirely new treatment approaches focused on mitigating present bias or delivering tailored intervention content during “moments of risk” for lapses in adherence.
Istituzione: RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
PI: Bradley M. Appelhans
Progetto: 5R01HL156622-05
Settori: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
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